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Interpretation and Testing Practice of GB/T 34131-2023

Interpretation and Testing Practice of GB/T 34131-2023 "Battery Management System for Electric Energy Storage"

 

Introduction to the New National Standard:


GB/T 34131 "Battery Management System for Electric Energy Storage" specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation, and storage requirements for battery management systems for electric energy storage. As China's energy storage industry develops rapidly, the national standard has been systematically updated accordingly.


On October 1, 2023, GB/T 34131-2023 "Battery Management System for Electric Energy Storage" (hereinafter referred to as the 

"new national standard") was officially implemented. The new national standard replaces GB/T 34131-2017 (hereinafter referred to as the "old national standard") and specifies requirements for data acquisition, communication, alarm and protection, control, energy state estimation, balancing, insulation resistance detection, insulation withstand voltage, electrical adaptability, electromagnetic compatibility, and more for battery management systems in electric energy storage. It describes corresponding test methods and specifies classifications, coding, normal working environments, inspection rules, markings, packaging, transportation, and storage.


The new national standard applies to the design, manufacturing, testing, detection, operation, maintenance, and repair of battery management systems for lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, lead-acid (carbon) batteries, flow batteries, and hydrogen/fuel cells used in energy storage. Other types of battery management systems are referenced accordingly.


In energy storage systems, BMS controllers play an essential role in monitoring the operational status of batteries (such as collecting single battery voltage, single battery temperature, battery cluster voltage, battery cluster current, insulation resistance, etc.) and controlling battery pack operation power and shutdown commands based on specific alarm and protection strategies. Additionally, BMS can exchange information with other controllers or devices through its communication interface, analog/digital interfaces, enabling safe and efficient system operation.

 

Comparison of New and Old National Standards:


The analysis focuses on the battery voltage testing and balancing testing items within the data acquisition section.


Battery Voltage:

Comparison of collection accuracy and sampling periods between the new and old national standards:


No.

Parameter

New Standard - GB/T 34131-2023

Old Standard - GB/T 34131-2017

Sampling Error

Sampling Period

Sampling Error

Sampling Period

1

Battery Voltage (V)

<5

≤0.005

≤100ms

≤0.3%

≤200ms

2

5-15

≤0.2%

3

Battery Cluster Voltage (V)

<500

≤5

≤100ms

/

/

4

≥500

≤1%


The new national standard requires that the battery voltage collection project be completed using a battery simulation device, which must meet the requirements in Appendix B, section B.1:


a) When simulating a single battery:

1. Voltage range: 0V ~ 15V;

2. Maximum allowable voltage error: ±0.1% F.S.;

3. Voltage resolution: no greater than 1mV;

4. Maximum allowable temperature error: ±0.5°C.


b) When simulating a battery cluster:

1. Voltage range: 0V ~ 2000V;

2. Maximum allowable voltage error: ±0.2% F.S.;

3. Maximum allowable current error: ±0.2% F.S.;

4. Voltage resolution: no greater than 0.1V;

5. Current resolution: no greater than 0.1A.


Balancing:

The old national standard (section 5.7) stipulated that lithium-ion battery management systems should have balancing functions but did not specify balancing methods. However, the new national standard (section 6.7) stipulates that lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and lead-acid (carbon) battery management systems must have balancing functions. The balancing method must adopt either active or passive balancing, or both.


In section 7.9 of the new standard, the balancing test requires using a battery simulation device for the test. This requires that the current capacity supported by the battery simulation device be greater than the BMS balancing current on the market, so the battery simulation device, in addition to meeting Appendix B.1 requirements, must also have a balancing current capacity of 5A (typical value).

 

Polelink Solutions:


In addition to the voltage and balancing tests described above, the new standard introduces many new test items and data records compared to the old standard. Based on an understanding of both the old and new national standards and practical experience, Polelink has launched an automated testing system for BMS in energy storage that complies with the new national standard, as shown in the diagram below. The diagram illustrates the software and hardware composition of the entire testing system and their interconnections, including the upper computer software, high-voltage cabinet, low-voltage cabinet, and environmental chamber.


图片1.png 


This system supports CAN, RS485, Ethernet, and other communication methods, allowing for comprehensive simulation of communication environments with the battery management system under test. It also supports the simulation of peripheral electrical environments using battery simulators, high-voltage sources, and current sources, while simulating the external environment of the battery management system through the control of the environmental chamber. The equipment in the system is controlled via unified experimental management software, enabling automated testing for the BMS based on the new national standard and quickly matching it with different BMS systems under test, thus improving testing efficiency and shortening testing cycles.

 

Upon completion of automated testing, the system can automatically generate test reports. Polelink also offers customized development services, such as developing customized test report generation tools, which can automatically populate test data into user-defined Word or Excel templates.

  

Testing Items Supported by Polelink’s Energy Storage Testing System for the New National Standard


No.

Inspection Item

Technical Requirements (Section No.)

Test Method (Section No.)

Remarks

1

Data Collection

Battery Voltage

6.2.1/6.2.2

7.4.1

Requires Environmental Chamber

2

Battery Cluster Current

6.2.1/6.2.2

7.4.2

Requires Environmental Chamber

3

Temperature

6.2.1

7.4.3

Requires Environmental Chamber

4

Communication

6.3

7.5


5

Alarm and Protection

6.4

7.6


6

Control

6.5

7.7


7

Energy State Estimation

6.6

7.8


8

Balancing

6.7

7.9


9

 

Insulation Resistance 

Detection 

6.8

7.10


10

Insulation Withstand Voltage

Insulation Performance

6.13.1

7.11.1


11

Dielectric Strength

6.13.2

7.11.2


12

Environmental Adaptability

Low Temperature

-

7.12.2

Requires Environmental Chamber

13

High Temperature

-

7.12.1

Requires Environmental Chamber

14

Humidity Resistance

-

7.12.3

Requires Environmental Chamber

15

Salt Spray

 Resistance

-

7.12.4

Requires Environmental Chamber

16

Electrical Adaptability

Supply Voltage

6.14.1

7.13.1


17

Overvoltage

6.14.2

7.13.2


18

Reverse Voltage

6.14.3

7.13.3


19

Communication Line 

Short Circuit

6.14.4

7.13.4


 

Summary:


Polelink has a professional energy storage technology service team, providing energy storage testing systems and on-site testing services for many leading energy storage companies and institutions such as the China Electric Power Research Institute. The company not only follows the development of the old and new energy storage standards but also offers customized solutions and services to support the energy storage industry’s growth. If you would like to learn more, feel free to contact Polelink.