In intelligent connected vehicles, communication technologies such as 2G/3G/4G/5G, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), and V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) are widely used across the industry. These technologies enable various functionalities like emergency calling, online entertainment, and navigation. EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) testing ensures that communication systems in vehicles can function properly under complex electromagnetic environments, safeguarding the safety of drivers and passengers. Based on the “QCT - Technical Requirements and Test Methods for Vehicle-Mounted Information Interaction System Based on LTE-V2X Direct Communication-1” standard, Section 10.5 Electromagnetic Compatibility Test Methods, this article explains the process of V2X vehicle-level electromagnetic compatibility testing from the perspective of vehicle functions.

Testing Process Unveiled

1. Equipment Preparation

To conduct EMC testing, technicians use specialized anechoic chambers and EMC testing systems, which simulate real electromagnetic environments and various interference sources. A V2X testing system is also needed to implement vehicle-level V2X functionality. Additionally, filters, amplifiers, RF switches, transmitting/receiving antennas, and cables are critical components for building the testing environment.

       •      EMC Testing System: A set of tools and facilities used to evaluate whether electronic devices or systems can operate normally in a set electromagnetic environment without causing unacceptable electromagnetic interference to other devices.

       •      V2X Testing System: Simulates high-fidelity C-V2X application scenarios and converts virtual test scene information about various traffic participants (vehicles and roadside facilities) into C-V2X air interface signals (Uu/PC5), which are then input into the tested controller (OBU).

Image 1: V2X Testing System

Signal Processing System: Integrates filters, amplifiers, RF switches, etc., to isolate interference signals and protect upstream devices, ensuring normal signal transmission.

Image 2: Signal Processing System

2. Test Environment Setup

During testing, the environment should be set up as shown in the diagram below (based on standard configurations). The V2X PC5 message receiver and GNSS simulator are connected to the anechoic chamber’s V2X communication antenna and GNSS antenna ports, respectively. The height of the chamber’s V2X communication antenna matches that of the vehicle’s LTE-V2X antenna, typically maintaining a horizontal distance of 5 meters. For immunity tests, the chamber’s V2X communication antenna should avoid the main lobe of the interference antenna’s beam. Before testing, ensure the vehicle’s V2X communication status is confirmed.

When building the testing environment, antenna selection and placement are critical. For example, 2G/3G/4G/5G antennas and V2V antennas require linear polarization, while GNSS antennas require circular polarization. Additionally, the placement of antennas should minimize performance impacts, ensuring stable signal transmission.

Image 3: Test Link Layout

3. Test Implementation

In the V2X testing system designed by Polelink, different testing scenarios can be built in CANoe to simulate the relative positions and motion states of the main vehicle and distant vehicles. The GNSS simulator provides real-time simulations of the main vehicle’s position.

Image 4: Scenario Design Interface

Next, based on the standards “T/CSAE 53-2020 Cooperative Intelligent Transport System—Vehicle Communication System Application Layer and Data Interaction Standards (Phase I)” and “T/CSAE 157-2020 Cooperative Intelligent Transport System—Vehicle Communication System Application Layer and Data Interaction Standards (Phase II),” related message bodies such as BSM, MAP, and SPAT are built and sent in CANoe. These are then communicated with the tested vehicle via comprehensive testers, enabling the vehicle to trigger DAY1 and DAY2 related V2X functionalities within the anechoic chamber.

Image 5: CANoe Control Interface for V2X Testing

Testing scripts can also be written using vTESTstudio to streamline steps, control execution, and achieve automated testing.

4. Interference Application

To test the interference resistance of the vehicle’s V2X communication system, EMI emitters are used to apply interference of varying intensities and frequencies. Following Section 10.5 of the “QCT - Technical Requirements and Test Methods for Vehicle-Mounted Information Interaction System Based on LTE-V2X Direct Communication-1,” the signal strength must meet specific requirements during testing to satisfy vehicle sensitivity demands.

5. Result Validation

Throughout the testing process, CANoe is used as the test system management tool to manage CAN/ETH data transmission and instrument remote control.

       •      CANoe Side: Collects warning signals from the vehicle end, including but not limited to CAN and ETH signals. If the signals remain consistent with those in non-interference scenarios, the vehicle’s communication system demonstrates good electromagnetic compatibility. Automated scripts can generate and export test reports.

Image 6: CANoe Software Signal Monitoring Interface

Vehicle Side: An anechoic chamber camera can monitor whether the vehicle’s V2X functionality and navigation system operate normally. If the warning frequency and continuity match those in non-interference scenarios, the vehicle’s communication system demonstrates good electromagnetic compatibility.

Conclusion

This article provides a deeper understanding of V2X vehicle-level electromagnetic compatibility testing. This testing is not only a crucial step in intelligent connected vehicle development but also a key measure to ensure driving safety. If you have further testing needs related to this or other intelligent networked areas, feel free to contact us. We specialize in comprehensive testing solutions and integration services, with a professional and experienced team ready to tailor the best solutions for your needs. By ensuring stable operation in complex electromagnetic environments, we aim to provide users with safer and more reliable driving experiences. We hope this article helps you better understand the professional knowledge in this field and look forward to smarter cars offering more reliable services in complex environments.